BEGINNING OBSERVATION AND REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS

Investigation Concepts

The gap between system point and the real condition system, in other meaning what is the problem system be fail to reach the system purpose. Analyst system better do investigation to know things of causing a fail system before conducted action to repair a system.

Report from problem detection can be unreal. That Because:

• The purpose too ideal.
• Not enough resources and or attitude.
• System measuring not enough accurate.
• The purpose of system was expired.
• The gap between the ideal and the temporary system.

Problem solving:

• On the way system description à detailed investigation.
• Get the ideal system consensus
• Developing a couple of alternative.
• Choose the best alternative.

Purpose of investigation is showing what the reality problem.

Constraint in system investigation

While investigating, some problem that often shows:

• Time
• Cost
• Knowledge
• Politics
• Interference

Recommendation

Result of investigation is a recommendation, such as:

• Not take action because there aren’t find problem.
• Do maintenance system for small problem.
• Improve the user capability or user skill.
• Consider the modification system in a totally manner.
• Put happen problem into the recent system development plan.

Tactics investigation

Tactics investigation required to find all problems. Why need the tactics? :

• To find all of the problems.
• To find out the reason.
• To find the best solution.

Some tactics that can be do, such as:

• Listen the suggestion from the system agent.
• Don’t resolve the problem early.
• Compare some system agents story toward the same case.
• Look for reluctant responses.
• Probe for logical inconsistency problems.

Technique of investigation

Direct:

• Questionnaires.
• Interview.
• Observation.

Indirect:

• Procedure flow.
• Document review and collect critical document.
• Sample
• Tabular tools or matrix.

Recent description of system

• Input
• Output
• File
• Data element
• Transaction volume and action document
• Data flow diagram

Requirement analysis

Intensive interaction phase between system analyst with end user where system development team showed their skill to get comments and trust from user and get a good participation

Four goals in this phase:

• Explain the system completely
• Describe ideal information system
• Bring ideal information system to recent condition by attention resource constrain.
• Give motivation toward the user confidence into system development

Method

• Interview, Some important factor in good interview, which is objective, audience, format, weighting, combining responses, and documentation.
• Questionnaire,
• Observation
• Procedure Analysis
• Document Survey
• Sampling

Resource constraint

• Time
• Money
• Skill
• Technology
• External factor

Document analysis requirement

• Instruction analysis: Relation with the end user, probes the process, problem of collecting data.
• User requirement: Real requirement, report requirement, train requirement, new system effect.
• System constraint: Explain time constraint, cost, skill, technology and external factor, System Realistic
• Documentation: Instrument data collecting, statistical consensus, data flow by logical, and physical data dictionary element

Generating systems alternatives

How to approach the recent condition with the ideal condition system?

• Create the alternative to solve the problem of information system.
• That best alternative applying wisely

Strategy selection

• Distributed versus centralized processing: Change of information decision from centralized data processing to decentralized end user responsibility center.
• Integrated versus dispersed databases: System designer must consider the data which in data base and incoming to file.
• Surround strategy of system development: Area around strategy is important in the case confiscation of company because the information system from other company possible differ from company in this time.

Tactic Selection

Do before the selection operational plan

Operational plan selection:

a. Input

• On-line versus off-line data entry.
• Keyed versus machine-readable data entry.
• Centralized versus decentralized data entry.

b. Processing

• Batch versus real-time record update.
• Sequential versus direct access to records.
• Single versus multiple-user update of records.

c. Output

• Traditional versus turnaround documents.
• Structured versus inquiry-based reports.

Selecting the Proper System

- Equal tactic: equivalent system based on cost and profit relatively. There is 3 system, A called more excellent with other system if:

• A have low cost then B and their profit same.
• A have low cost then B and A produce profit more than B.
• A and B have same cost but produce of profit A more than B.

- Several comparative method system

• Break Even point analysis
• Payback period
• Discounted payback period
• Internal rate of return

- Cost category

• Hardware
• Software
• People
• Suppliers
• Telecommunications
• Physical sites

- Cost details

Equal system information cost by means of life system, analyst projection several cost change for future and 3 cost model information system that is Linear, Exponential and Step Function.

- Information system cost happen in one time and be able happen continuous.

• Information system cost happening in one time that is on-time cost and development cost while system development consist.
• Information system cost happening continuous there are recurring cost with operational cost while cost happen at information system operated every day.

Information System Factor

Qualitative factor direct to best information system there are:

-          reduce mistake state

-          reduce time to solve mistake

-          reduce perceptive time from alternative workstation

-          increase time to supplying information

-          raise system security

-          increase update from active record

-          raise user satisfied

Company Strategy Factor

-          User satisfied

-          Increase selling state

-          Commitment between consumer and vendor

-          Product information marketing

Representation Learning System

-          Shortly presentation

-          Reduce technically details

-          Represented clearly with visual tools

-          If use model, use tools like laptop so more informative

-          Pushed profit from information system proposal with several alternative agree with company condition

Advanced Decision or Not

-          If company decision to develop the system then information department will doing advanced process there is system design process

-          If the other way then System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) will stopped.

-          Often find problem with studying system and usually top management will asked to do re-processing with studying system.

-          Model will explained several continuous state and sometime information department will create decision to repeat state before explain studying system.

-          With alternative, decision to repeat a state System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) before or not called Go – No -Go Decision